V_{tpd}\) can also be calculated as \(I R\) where \(R\) is the load resistance. Voltage is a measure of energy, and energy is always conserved. So the EMF \(E\) of a cell is equal to the sum of ...

Hence, for a metal, resistance increases with increasing temperature. Often the increase in temperature is caused by an increase in current. An example is a filament lamp. As current increases ...