as mitral stenosis worsens and the mitral valve area decreases, right heart pressures increase to maintain cardiac output across the stenotic valve with a pressure gradient between the left atrium ...

The pathophysiologic changes caused by a calcified aortic valve are the same as those caused by other forms of aortic stenosis and are related to the pressure gradient that develops between the ...

In addition, before the development of prosthetic mitral-valve ... mitral stenosis and in 7 of 11 patients with mitral regurgitation. In almost every case the drop in the pressure gradient was ...

A complete echocardiographic evaluation for aortic stenosis requires quantitative ... an accurate assessment of peak and mean gradients. The aortic valve area can be calculated and measured ...

Patients with low-gradient aortic stenosis and reduced LVEF, compared with patients with high-gradient aortic stenosis, have worse clinical outcomes.

as mitral stenosis worsens and the mitral valve area decreases, the left atrial pressure increases to try to force more blood into the left ventricle. A pressure gradient develops between the left ...