as mitral stenosis worsens and the mitral valve area decreases, the left atrial pressure increases to try to force more blood into the left ventricle. A pressure gradient develops between the left ...

Inspection of the jugular venous pulsations may reveal a prominent A wave due to vigorous atrial contraction of a prominent V wave due to tricuspid regurgitation that develops from pulmonary ...

Patients with low-gradient aortic stenosis and reduced LVEF, compared with patients with high-gradient aortic stenosis, have worse clinical outcomes.

In addition, before the development of prosthetic mitral-valve ... mitral stenosis and in 7 of 11 patients with mitral regurgitation. In almost every case the drop in the pressure gradient was ...