Some units have columns or volatile gas vents to eliminate organic chemicals with boiling points lower than water, thus ensuring uncontaminated water. As with all home water treatment systems, ...

The longest hydrocarbons have very high boiling points. They leave the column as a hot liquid called bitumen. Shorter hydrocarbon molecules have weaker intermolecular forces and lower boiling points.

Fractional distillation works because the different liquids have different boiling points. When the mixture is heated: vapours rise through a column which is hot at the bottom, and cold at the top ...

In general, liquid-liquid extraction is applied where alternative separation technologies such as distillation are uneconomical ... In addition to agitated columns, it includes mixer-settlers ...